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Ethinicity And American Culture EssayThe agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1850 was signed between the American g overnment and the interim government of the troops occupied Mexico which resulted in the end of the Mexican-American War. This was intended to bring peace in the disputed territory and the end result was that Mexico ceded a large territory to the coupled States and its size was reduced by forty-five percent. The land Mexico ceded to the U. S. is now a number of states Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and California. The military government in Mexico received fair compensation for the territory.The treaty of Guadalupe paved the way for the way for the immigration of Mexicans especially workers to the U. S. this was necessitated by the United States regard for grok to develop the newly acquired territory. Immigration simulates have been determined by American manual labor needs. The Immigration Process The immigration of Mexicans to the U. S. began soon after the territory w as surrendered, the U. S. government sought labor from Mexico to build the railroad which was to concern all the new territory to the other(a) states. Between 1850 and 1880 the U. S.government brought in 55,000 migrant workers from Mexico into the former Mexican territories to work on the railroad. The government preferred Mexican laborers because they were non entitled to any constitutional protection and they could work for substandard recompense in the harsh conditions. The process of immigration began to peak up pelt along in 1910 when the Mexican revolution took place. After the revolution, more then 50,000 Mexican workers immigrated to the U. S. in search of works which they felt were better than those available in their home country. Changes over TimeChange in the immigration process began to take shape in 1929 when American citizens massively complained that the illegal workers were taking up their job. The government responded by launching major crackdown on immigrant s who did not posses the relevant immigration documents. This resulted in the forceful deportation of over two million Mexican of which about iodin and a half million had been born in the U. S. this was harsh as those born in the U. S. were therefore citizens by birth. The U. S however found itself in a tight spot when it got in World War II in 1942 which elicited the need for Mexican workers.The U. S. acted quickly to remedy the situation by getting into an agreement with Mexican officials and this was known as the Bracero program. Under the program guest Mexican workers would be allowed to enter the U. S. and provide labor on a temporary basis though they would not be afforded the labor protections accorded to their U. S. counterparts. The program run through out the period of World War II and went on up to 1964 as major Corporations had pulled string to ensure that the laborers continued to work as they wanted to cash in on the cheap labor.Since 1964 there was what has been refe rred to as an unspoken agreement between the unregistered workers, Corporations and the government. The government has intentionally failed to implement border regulations after being lobbied by major corporations which benefit highly from the labor if the immigrants. Though the agreement has been said to benefit all the parties which is utterly false as the immigrant workers are subjected to poor living conditions, are paid substandard wages and do not enjoy the protection of labor unions or practices.In 1986 three million undocumented Mexican-American workers were granted amnesty by the Reagan administration and this wherefore make them subject to human rights protections, (Borjas National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007). Effect on Chicano Movement The Chicano movement was vastly affected by the immigration of undocumented as they were not officially recognized by the U. S. government. This meant that they did not enjoy constitutional protection wish other American citizen and the movements job was harder as attempts at demanding for rights resulted in deportation.Mexican workers therefore did not seek the help of the movement as they fear that its intervention would result of their deportation, (Rosales, 2000). Conclusion The immigration of Mexican to the U. S. began with the need by the U. S. government to have cheap labor for building of a railroad through the territory acquired from Mexico in 1850. The immigration pattern has however been tied only to the manual labor needs of the U. S. as the government allows entry of undocumented Mexican workers when they are in dire need of cheap manual labor like during World War II.The pattern is also evident from the push and pull debate that rages on the undocumented workers. character Borjas, G. J. National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). Mexican Immigration to the United States. Chicago? University of Chicago Press. Rosales, F. A. (2000). Testimonio A Documentary History of the Mexican-American S truggle for Civil Rights. Houston Arte Publico Press. ESSAY cardinal Some historians describe the Civil Rights Movement as a two-phase process of a confederationern movement to guarantee basic human rights and a Yankee movement focused on economic and social in correspondities.In an essay, which incorporates lecture, readings and class discussion analyze this process. Introduction The Civil Rights Movement sought right in the way the American society treated African Americans and it sought to change the perception. The movement originated in the urban areas of the south after large numbers of African Americans migrated from the rural areas and this was after the abolishment of slavery. The American Civil Rights Movement faced a number of challenges in its quest for equal civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups.This came in the form of legislation which promoted the injustices committed against African Americans by white Americans. The movement was therefore forced to employ different strategies and tactics so as to have its voice and that of its people heard. The movement suffered major losses in the road to the eventual attainment of those rights. The Civil Rights Movement refers to a reform movement of African Americans which sought to attain equal civil rights under the law for all people.It sought to have the abolishment of both public and common soldier acts of discrimination and segregation against African Americans. The movement is said to have originated in the southern urban areas when millions of African Americans migrated from rural areas to the urban centers of the south. The Civil Rights Movement active various strategies which include nonviolent strikes, civil disobedience, marches, boycotts, protests rallies and freedom rides. The movement therefore focused on disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws in the south.The Civil Rights Movement in the south can be said to have been the or so intense as it was in the south that African Americans faced the greatest resistance to their attempts to struggle for equal rights. The south had become the most notorious when it came to the suppression of rights of African Americans. The laws in the south permitted or required four acts of discrimination against African Americans. They included voter suppression or disfranchisement, denial of economic opportunities, private acts and mass racial violence and racial segregation which was first upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court decisiveness in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. It was also in the south that most of the milestone events in the civil rights movement took place in the south which included the Martin Luther king Jr. assassination, march on Selma, Alabama, Mississippi freedom summer and the Montgomery bus boycott. The south was also home of some of the most grave literature to come out of the Civil Rights Movement like Dr. Kings Letter from Birmingham jail.It also home to important Civil Rights Mo vement landmarks like the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Site. The latter also house a museum which chronicles the American Civil Rights Movement. The challenges of the movement in south emanated from the legislature exit of the Jim Crow laws which legalized segregation in all public facilities. This law meant that African Americans and other non-white citizens were designated different facilities this includes lavatories, buses, restaurants, housing establishments among others.These went on to be adopted by most local government across the country and this turned to be a major challenge to the Civil Rights Movement. It was the successes of the Civil Rights Movement in the south which made life better for African Americans all over the United States. The civil rights movement culminated in the passing of the Civil Rights coif in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 but of which were a clear symbol of the success of the Civil Rights Movement, (Williams Bond, 1988).Co nclusion Despite the major challenges the American civil Rights Movement faced, it managed to succeed in its cause because of its strategies, sacrifices and it resilience. Some of the sacrifices the movement had to contend with included the loss of one of its leaders, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. who was assassinated. Though this was a major blow the movement managed to rest resilient and it was rewarded with the passing of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act in 1964 and 1965 respectively.The fact that most of the Civil Rights Movement events took place in the south does not mean that the northern part of the country was not involved as activities like the march on Washington took place in the north. The march was the venue for famous I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. The civil rights movement therefore came along way to achieve success.ReferenceWilliams, J. , Bond, J. (INT) (1988). look on the Prize Americas Civil Rights Years, 1954- 1965. ISBN 083351431 8, 9780833514318 Bt Bound